Six candidates are on the ballot for Illinois Appellate Court judge in the upcoming general election. Three seek retention and three are running in partisan elections.
Compared with elections for governor or congress, these races typically receive less attention, but judges often have a big effect on the day-to-day lives of Illinoisans. Appellate Court judges review decisions from circuit courts on issues that can affect taxpayers, businesses, families and constitutional rights.
That makes these elections crucial, but the lack of accessible information on candidates can make it difficult for voters to decide. Judicial candidates rarely campaign on policy positions, and many voters reach the judicial section of the ballot with little information about who is running or what their records show.
Three levels of courts in Illinois
Illinois has circuit courts, an appellate court and the state Supreme Court.
The circuit courts are the trial courts. They are where most matters begin, including criminal cases, civil lawsuits, family law matters, traffic cases and other local disputes.
The Illinois Appellate Court reviews decisions from the circuit courts. The court does not hold new trials. Its judges review a record from a lower court to determine whether important legal errors were made and whether a decision should be upheld, reversed or sent back for further proceedings.
The Illinois Supreme Court is the state’s highest court. It reviews selected appeals from the Appellate Court and has the final say on questions of Illinois law.
This guide focuses on the 2026 Illinois Appellate Court elections, in which voters will decide on judges who review decisions from trial courts across the state.
How do Illinois judicial elections work?
Illinois judges appear on the ballot in two ways: partisan elections and retention elections.
When a seat is open, candidates run in partisan elections. That means they first run in a party primary, with the winners of each primary advancing to the general election.
A judge who wants to run again after serving a full term does not need to run again against an opponent. Such judges appear on a separate retention ballot, where voters choose “yes” or “no” for whether a judge should remain in office. Judges must receive at least 60% approval to serve another term.
Illinois Supreme Court justices and appellate court judges serve 10-year terms.
The 2026 Appellate Court elections include both partisan and retention seats.
Find races on your ballot
Partisan elections
Head-to-head races between candidates from different parties.
3rd District – Mary McDade Vacancy
Margaret O'Connell (D)
Jason Helland (R)
This is a head-to-head partisan race for an open seat. The candidate who wins the most votes in November will serve a 5-year term on the 3rd District Appellate Court.
Retention elections
Sitting judges seeking another term. Each needs at least 60% YES votes to keep the seat.
1st District – Bertina Lampkin Seat
Bertina E. Lampkin
Vote YES or NO to retain
60% YES votes needed
Judge Lampkin has served on the 1st District Appellate Court since 2009 — first by appointment, then elected. Voters will cast a yes-or-no vote on whether she keeps her seat. A judge needs at least 60% YES votes to be retained; otherwise the seat becomes vacant and is filled by the Illinois Courts Commission.
4th District – James Knecht Seat
James Knecht
Vote YES or NO to retain
60% YES votes needed
Judge Knecht has served on the 4th District Appellate Court since 1986, making him one of the longest-serving appellate judges in the state. Voters will cast a yes-or-no vote on whether he keeps his seat. A judge needs at least 60% YES votes to be retained; otherwise the seat becomes vacant and is filled by the Illinois Courts Commission.
5th District – John Barberis Seat
John B. Barberis Jr.
Vote YES or NO to retain
60% YES votes needed
Judge Barberis was elected to the 5th District Appellate Court in 2016 and is seeking his second full term. Voters will cast a yes-or-no vote on whether he keeps his seat. A judge needs at least 60% YES votes to be retained; otherwise the seat becomes vacant and is filled by the Illinois Courts Commission.
Unopposed races
No opponent is on the ballot, but the winner still needs voter approval in November.
1st District – Thomas Hoffman Vacancy
Judy Rice (D)
Judy Rice is running without opposition for this open seat. The winner of the November election will serve a 5-year term on the 1st District Appellate Court.
5th District – Thomas Welch Vacancy
Amy Sholar (R)
Amy Sholar is running without opposition for this open seat. The winner of the November election will serve a 5-year term on the 5th District Appellate Court.
Sources & citations
1st District – Bertina Lampkin Seat
- AFL-CIO endorsement (Labor Tribune)
- Chicago FOP endorsement (Chicago FOP)
- Cook County Democratic Party endorsement note (The Daily Line)
- People v. Smith, 2023 IL App (1st) 181070 (Justia)
- Illinois Supreme Court reversal of People v. Smith (Justia)
- People v. Essie Nooner, 2026 IL App (1st) 241030 (Illinois Courts)
- Lucy Parsons Labs v. Chicago Police Department, 2026 IL App (1st) 250205 (Justia)
1st District – Thomas Hoffman Vacancy
3rd District – Mary McDade Vacancy
- Blue Voter Guide — Margaret O'Connell candidate profile
- Judge Voter Guide rating (judgevoterguide.com)
- Daily Herald endorsement of Helland for Secretary of State, 2018 (Daily Herald)
- Grundy County SAFE-T Act lawsuit coverage (Shaw Local)
- Illinois Policy: "There is no longer cash bail in Illinois. What happens now?"
- Illinois Supreme Court decision in Rowe v. Raoul (SAFE-T Act challenge)
4th District – James Knecht Seat
- City of Springfield v. Martinez, 2022 IL App (4th) 210290 (Justia)
- People v. Toni R. Kelly, 2026 IL App (4th) 260002 (Illinois Courts)
- News coverage: Judge Knecht on originalism (WGLT)
- News coverage: Judge Knecht on the Trump impeachment (State Journal-Register)
- News coverage: Judge Knecht on the arrest of Judge Hannah Dugan (The Center Square)
- Charging document against Judge Hannah Dugan (DocumentCloud)
- DOJ press release: former Milwaukee County judge sentenced for obstruction (Justice Department)
- Coverage of Dugan's acquittal on the concealment charge (Courthouse News)
5th District – Thomas Welch Vacancy
5th District – John Barberis Seat
- Madison County GOP endorsement of Barberis (The Telegraph)
- Chris Slusser endorsement of Barberis (Madison-St. Clair Record)
- Madison County Board members' endorsement of Barberis (RiverBender)
- People v. Peoples, 2020 IL App (5th) 190114-U (Illinois Courts)
- People v. Travis, 2026 IL App (5th) 240583 (Justia)
- People v. Spears, 2026 IL App (5th) 240625 (Illinois Courts)