Six candidates are on the ballot for Illinois Appellate Court judge in the upcoming general election. Three seek retention and three are running in partisan elections.

Compared with elections for governor or congress, these races typically receive less attention, but judges often have a big effect on the day-to-day lives of Illinoisans. Appellate Court judges review decisions from circuit courts on issues that can affect taxpayers, businesses, families and constitutional rights.

That makes these elections crucial, but the lack of accessible information on candidates can make it difficult for voters to decide. Judicial candidates rarely campaign on policy positions, and many voters reach the judicial section of the ballot with little information about who is running or what their records show.

Three levels of courts in Illinois

Illinois has circuit courts, an appellate court and the state Supreme Court.

The circuit courts are the trial courts. They are where most matters begin, including criminal cases, civil lawsuits, family law matters, traffic cases and other local disputes.

The Illinois Appellate Court reviews decisions from the circuit courts. The court does not hold new trials. Its judges review a record from a lower court to determine whether important legal errors were made and whether a decision should be upheld, reversed or sent back for further proceedings.

The Illinois Supreme Court is the state’s highest court. It reviews selected appeals from the Appellate Court and has the final say on questions of Illinois law.

This guide focuses on the 2026 Illinois Appellate Court elections, in which voters will decide on judges who review decisions from trial courts across the state.

How do Illinois judicial elections work?

Illinois judges appear on the ballot in two ways: partisan elections and retention elections.

When a seat is open, candidates run in partisan elections. That means they first run in a party primary, with the winners of each primary advancing to the general election.

A judge who wants to run again after serving a full term does not need to run again against an opponent. Such judges appear on a separate retention ballot, where voters choose “yes” or “no” for whether a judge should remain in office. Judges must receive at least 60% approval to serve another term.

Illinois Supreme Court justices and appellate court judges serve 10-year terms.

The 2026 Appellate Court elections include both partisan and retention seats.

Partisan elections

Head-to-head races between candidates from different parties.

Contested election

3rd District – Mary McDade Vacancy

Margaret O'Connell

Margaret O'Connell (D)

VS
Jason Helland

Jason Helland (R)

This is a head-to-head partisan race for an open seat. The candidate who wins the most votes in November will serve a 5-year term on the 3rd District Appellate Court.

District map

Margaret O'Connell

No notable decisions found as of September 2026.

Jason Helland

2022 SAFE-T Act constitutionality lawsuit
Commentary

As Grundy County State's Attorney, Helland filed a lawsuit in 2022 seeking to declare the SAFE-T Act's elimination of cash bail unconstitutional. The Illinois Supreme Court rejected the argument in a consolidated case.

Retention elections

Sitting judges seeking another term. Each needs at least 60% YES votes to keep the seat.

Retention election

1st District – Bertina Lampkin Seat

Bertina E. Lampkin

Bertina E. Lampkin

Vote YES or NO to retain

60% YES votes needed

Judge Lampkin has served on the 1st District Appellate Court since 2009 — first by appointment, then elected. Voters will cast a yes-or-no vote on whether she keeps her seat. A judge needs at least 60% YES votes to be retained; otherwise the seat becomes vacant and is filled by the Illinois Courts Commission.

District map
Concurred

The appellate court reversed a murder conviction because the prosecution violated discovery rules by presenting undisclosed expert witness testimony and because the trial court denied the defendant's right to a public trial by excluding his mother from the courtroom as a potential witness — potential witnesses are generally not allowed in the courtroom before they testify under oath. The Illinois Supreme Court later reversed the appellate court's judgment and affirmed the circuit court's original conviction.

Concurred

The appellate court reversed the circuit court's denial of FOIA civil penalties against the Chicago Police Department and remanded the case to determine the appropriate penalty amount, finding CPD's continued delay in producing records was a willful and intentional FOIA violation.

Concurred

On a second appeal following an earlier reversal of his 66-year sentence and remand for resentencing, the appellate court upheld Nooner's new 56-year sentence for murder and attempted murder committed when he was 18, rejecting his youth- and trauma-based constitutional challenge.

Retention election

4th District – James Knecht Seat

James Knecht

James Knecht

Vote YES or NO to retain

60% YES votes needed

Judge Knecht has served on the 4th District Appellate Court since 1986, making him one of the longest-serving appellate judges in the state. Voters will cast a yes-or-no vote on whether he keeps his seat. A judge needs at least 60% YES votes to be retained; otherwise the seat becomes vacant and is filled by the Illinois Courts Commission.

District map
Authored

The appellate court reversed and remanded, holding that a FOIA requester may qualify for attorney fees when a public body produces records only after being sued, even without a court order requiring disclosure.

Authored

The court reversed and remanded a denial of pretrial release for a determination of appropriate release conditions, finding the state had not shown that home confinement, GPS monitoring or the availability of inpatient treatment could not address the alleged risk.

Comments on originalism in constitutional interpretation
Commentary

Judge Knecht has publicly spoken against the originalism theory of constitutional interpretation.

Comments on 2019 presidential impeachment proceedings
Commentary

Judge Knecht publicly weighed in on President Trump's impeachment proceedings, arguing that impeachment operates under a different standard than criminal prosecution and that there was no due-process violation in barring White House lawyers from participating, since the Constitution gives the House of Representatives full control over the investigation process.

Comments on the arrest of Wisconsin Judge Hannah Dugan
Commentary

Judge Knecht criticized the Trump administration's arrest of Wisconsin Judge Hannah Dugan, who was charged with obstructing a pending federal proceeding and concealing a person from a federal arrest warrant after an April 2025 immigration-related incident, calling the arrest "reminiscent of King George, Hitler, and Mussolini." Dugan was later convicted of obstruction and acquitted of the concealment charge.

Retention election

5th District – John Barberis Seat

John B. Barberis Jr.

John B. Barberis Jr.

Vote YES or NO to retain

60% YES votes needed

Judge Barberis was elected to the 5th District Appellate Court in 2016 and is seeking his second full term. Voters will cast a yes-or-no vote on whether he keeps his seat. A judge needs at least 60% YES votes to be retained; otherwise the seat becomes vacant and is filled by the Illinois Courts Commission.

District map
Concurred

The appellate court vacated a predatory criminal sexual assault conviction because the trial was held in absentia, and the defendant's preexisting psychiatric diagnoses along with an overdose on acetaminophen were sufficient evidence that his absence from trial was not willful.

Authored

The court upheld a 23-year aggravated battery sentence, rejecting arguments that it was excessive or unfair compared with a codefendant's sentence, even though it was the codefendant who fired the weapon.

Authored

The Fifth District Appellate Court affirmed a firearm-possession conviction and 14-year sentence for unlawful possession of a weapon by a felon, in a case where the underlying felony was a nonviolent drug offense.

Unopposed races

No opponent is on the ballot, but the winner still needs voter approval in November.

Unopposed

1st District – Thomas Hoffman Vacancy

Judy Rice

Judy Rice (D)

Judy Rice is running without opposition for this open seat. The winner of the November election will serve a 5-year term on the 1st District Appellate Court.

District map

No widely reported notable decisions found. Rice's publicly available judicial record is primarily tied to her circuit court assignments, including domestic violence, elder abuse, eviction, traffic/DUI and domestic relations matters.

Unopposed

5th District – Thomas Welch Vacancy

Amy Sholar

Amy Sholar (R)

Amy Sholar is running without opposition for this open seat. The winner of the November election will serve a 5-year term on the 5th District Appellate Court.

District map
Authored

The Fifth District Appellate Court affirmed the denial of pretrial release for a defendant charged with felony domestic battery, applying Illinois' post-cash-bail detention standards.

Sources & citations